Tetractinomorpha

Secara tradisional, perbedaan antara Tetractinomorpha dan Ceractinomorpha berdasarkan strategi reproduksi ovipar versus vivipar"." Boury-Esnalt & Solé-Cava (2004) (see, e.g., Schmitt, 2002).
Pohon evolusi Tetractinomorpha terdiri atas empat dahan
› Astrophorida
› Hadromerida
› 'Lithistida'
› Spirophorida

Bacaan lanjut
Lavrov, D. V., X. Wang, and M. Kelly. 2008. Reconstructing ordinal relationships in the Demospongiae using mitochondrial genomic data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49(1):111-124.

Nichols, S. A. 2004. An evaluation of support for order-level monophyly and interrelationships within the class Demospongiae using partial data from the large subunit rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34(1):81-96.

Reid, R. E. H. 2003. Demosponge phylogeny. Pages 113-125 in: R. L. Kaesler, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part E. (revised): Porifera. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas, Boulder and Lawrence.

Sumber gambar
http://tolweb.org/Demospongiae/20439