Therapsida memiliki fenestrae temporal yang lebih besar dari yang lain. Rahang therapsida lebih rumit dan kuat dan gifinya terdiferensiasi menjadi seri, geraham dan taring. Kaki therapsida berada lebih vertikal dibawah tubuh mereka daripada reptil dan pelycosaurus.
Therapsida terbagi menjadi lima cabang
Biarmosuchia
Eotitanosuchia
Dinocephalia
Anomodontia
Theriodontia
Referensi :
Bakker, RT (1975), Dinosaur Renaissance, Scientific American 232: 5878.
Barghusen, HR (1975), A review of fighting adaptions in dinocephalians (Reptilia, Therapsida), Paleobiology 1: 295-311.
Boonstra, LD (1956), The skull of Tapinocephalus and its near relatives. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 43: 137-169.
Boonstra, LD (1965), The skull of Struthiocephalus kitchingi. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 48: 251-265.
Brink, AS (1956), Struthiocephalus kirchingi sp. nov. Palaeont. Afr. 5: 39-56.
Conrad, J & C Sidor (2001), Re-evaluation of Tetraceratops insignis (Synapsida: Sphenacodontia). J. Vert. Paleontol. 21: 42A (abstract)
Hancox, PJ & BA Rubidge (1997), The role of fossils in interpreting the development of the Karoo basin. Palaeontol. Afr. 33: 41-54.
Luo, Z-X, Z Kielan-Jaworowska & RL Cifelli (2002), In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 47: 1-78.
Modesto, SP & N Rybczynski (2000), The amniote faunas of the Russian Permian: implications for Late Permian terrestrial vertebrate biogeography, in MJ Benton, MA Shishkin, DM Unwin & EN Kurochkin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 17-34.
Rubidge, BS & CA Sidor (2001), Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32: 449-480.
Sumber gambar : http://www.miamisci.org/reptiles/theraspid.html
