Zygnematales
180px-Spyrogyra-bgiu.jpg
Zygnematales, tidak memiliki tahap flagellata, dan bereproduksi dengan konjukasi

Bacaan lanjut
http://ag.arizona.edu/tree/eukaryotes/green_plants/zygnematales/
KR Mattox and KD Stewart. 1984. Classification of the green algae: a concept based on comparative cytology. Pp. 29-72 in DEG Irvine and DM John, "Systematics of the Green Algae", Systematics Association Special Volume #27, Academic Press, London and Orlando.
http://www.life.umd.edu/labs/delwiche/Strp/Chlorophyta/charophyceae/charophyceae.html

Sumber gambar
http://www.answers.com/topic/zygnematales-1

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